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| First Name: | Alan | | Last Name: | MacDonald | | Title: | Staff Pathologist | | Advanced Degrees: | M.D. | | Affiliation: | St Catherine of Siena Med Ctr | | Department: | Pathology | | Street Address 1: | 50 Rte 25 A | | City: | Smithtown | | State/Province: | NY | | Zip/Postal Code: | 11787 | Country/Territory: | U.S.A. | | Phone: | 6318623764 | | Fax: | 6318623863 | | Email Address: |  |
Disclosure:
(view policy) |
Member reports no financial or other potential conflicts of interest. [Last Modified: 5 November 2006]
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View all comments by Alan MacDonald
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Alzheimer Disease, Parkinson Disease, Tauopathies
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Molecular and Cell biology, DNA microarrays, Neuropathology, Microscopy
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1985 to present
Evaluation of Alzheimer autopsy tissues
for evidence of Borrelia spirochetal infection
based on the Noguchi model for General Paresis
dementia in tertiary neurosyphilis.
Multiple publications commencing in 1986
with letter to the Editor "Borrelia in the brains
of patients dying with dementia", representing work with murine monoclonal antibodies specific for the Flagellin epitope H9724 specific for Borrelia burgdorferi and relapsing fever borrelia ( Nonreactive with all Treponema species). Primary isolation of borrelia spirochetes from autopsy Alzheimer brain tissues. Additional case studies published in 1987 and 1989 in Human Pathology and Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
Molecular interrogation of Alzheimer hippocampus
specimens (10 cases) from the Harvard McLean Hospital Brain Bank for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi transcriptome BBO 147 in Total DNA digests , with positive results in 7 of 10 cases, and subsequent DNA sequence analysis demonstrating novel transfection products incorporating FlaB DNA
fused to a segment of human chromosome 11q,
with Abstract report in September 2005 at the 10th International Conference on Lyme Disease and Related Disorders , Vienna Austria. Invited lecturer at the ILADS National Scientific Meeting Oct 30, 2005, Philadelphia Pennsylvania, "Borrelia and Alzheimer's Disease".
Current research support from Turn the Corner Foundation, New York, New York for Phase 2 Molecular Interrogation of Alzheimer Autopsy brains tissues for transcriptomes of Borrelia
burgdorferi, and Development of DNA probes
to detect Borrelia DNA in Spinal Fluid and in tissue sections from Alzheimer Autopsy tissues
by In situ Hybridization.
Four maunscripts in Medical Hypotheses - on pathobiology of Neuroborreliosis in Alzheimer's disease.The first report in the world's scientific literature of spirochetal to human transfection in Alzheimer's disease is documented in "Transfection "Junk" DNA,.. link to Alzheimer's" , see below in bibliography section.
Three Abstracts accepted ICAD 10th International Conference. First entitled "In situ DNA Hybridization study of granulovacuolar degeneration in human autopsy hippocampal neurons for Flagellin B Transcriptomes of borrelia burgdorferi". (Abstract 674)- This establishes a link, based in In Situ DNA Hybridization in Autopsy Hippocampus, to the spirochetal granule forms as the root cause of
Granulovacuolar degeneration in Pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease.
Second "Molecular Interogation of
spinal fluid from Dementia patients with Molecular Beacon DNA probe for
Neuroborreliosis" (Abstract 1268),- A work in progress to develop a spinal fluid test to detect DNA of the Borrelia in patients during life, so that persons might be selected for
antibiotic therapies.
Third: "Cystic Borrelia in Alzheimer's
Disease and Non-Dementia Neuroborreliosis" (Abstract 2798)- A work to further evaluate
neglected Cystic forms of borrelia spirochetes
in connection with the heretofore unsuspected
aggressive biological behavior of Cystic borrelia
in the natural history of evolution of Alzheimer's disease .
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"Transfection"Junk" DNA, a link to the
Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease",
Medical Hypotheses, 2006, 66:1140-41
"Plaques of Alzheimer's Disease originate
from Cysts of Borrelia burgdorferi, the
Lyme disease spirochete", Medical Hypotheses
2006: Published
"A life Cycle for Borrelia Spirochetes",
Medical Hypotheses, 2006, Published
"Spirochete Cyst forms in Neurodegenerative
disorders,...hiding in Plain sight",
Medical Hypotheses, 2006, Published
Alzheimer's neuroborreliosis with Transsynaptic
spread of infection and neurofibrillary
tangles derived from Intraneuronal spirochetes"
Medical Hypotheses , In Press , Fall of 2006
Alzheimer's disease and Braak Stage progressions:
ReExamined and Redefined as Borrelia transmission
through neural circuits"
Medical Hypotheses, In Press,Fall of 2006
Concurrent Neocortical Borreliosis and
Alzheimer's Disease , Human Pathology,
1987 (see Pub Med)
Concurrent Neocortical Borreliosis and Alzheimer's Disease: Demonstration of a Spirochetal Cyst form, Annals of the
New York Academy of Sciences, 1989
(see Pub Med)
Borrelia in the Brains of patients
Dying with Dementia, 1986, 256:2195-96
Journal of the American Medical Association
( see Pub Med )
Additional publications -See Pub Med
MacDonald,A. B. |
Lack of general awareness of the the Noguchi model
for General Paresis and its application
to a subset of Alzheimer disease patients
in this century.
Lack of an awareness of the Cystic, cell wall
deficient, and granular forms of Borrelia, and
of the Borrelia Life cycle concept.
Lack of an appreciation of Spirochete to Human
transfection, as a mechanism for production of
varoius mutations in the Human genome.
Lack of awareness of the models of intraneuronal
(intracellular) infections for various neurotropic agents as a conceptual model to
understand the ontogeny of Neurofibrillary tangles ( in the SSPE model).
Lack of the awareness of infections which cross synapses- in the model of Pseudorabies- to serve as a potential explanation for the progressions of Alzheimer's disease as defined in the Braak stage system. |
Bushman, F, Lewinski, M, Ciuffi, A, et al
Genome-wide Analysis of Retroviral DNA Integration,
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2005, 3:848-858,
Nature Publishing Group.
American Society for Microbiology
"Microbial Triggers of Chronic Human Illness"
2005
http://www.asm.org/Academy/index.asp?bid=34434
Balfour, Andrew MD
British Medical Journal
April 1, 1911
"The Infective Granule in Certain Protozoan Infections, as illustrated by the
Spirochetosis of Sudanese Fowl" |
Confocal Microscopy with multicolor DNA probes (ie quantum dots)
Laser Capture Microdissection studies of the GVB,
Green fluorescent protein labelled microbes as tracers to map neural circuits,
RT PCR and, DNA Sequence Analysis of molecular products to identify Transfection products in Alzheimer brain tissue DNA digests. |
Borrelia Infection is the root cause of at least 70% of Alzheimer's disease, based on the detection of positive In Situ DNA Hybridization results in the cytoplasic GVB sites of Hippocampal neurons ( with no positive signals detected in the Nucleus) for Flagellin B DNA sequences of Borrelia burgdorferi.
Transfection DNA products derived from Alzheimer hippocampal neuron DNA digests, amplified with PCR methods using Flagellin B primers add additional support to this hypothesis. None of the Molecular lines of evidence depends on the microscopic detection of conventional borrelia spirochetes in brain tissues. Granular forms of Borrelia , "dot-like" minute particles containing a central core of borrelia DNA with an investment of borrelia outer surface protein, provide the conceptual bridge between the textbook caricature of a corkscrew shaped spirochete, and the granular derivatives which are localized inside the cytoplasmic compartment of diseased nerve cells in the hippocampus region, with GVB profiles. |
Laser capture microdissection of the GVB
with subsequent PCR amplification to establish
the presence of Borrelia specific DNA sequences using multiple open reading frames in addition to the flagellin B site BBO147.
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